Table 3 Groups comparisons of cognitive measures using ANOVA

Attention

   TAP Tonic Alertness, simple reaction time

257.6 ± 32.1

228.0 ± 13.0

244.4 ± 30.0

BN < M **

1.11

   TAP Phasic Alertness, reaction time after warning signal

245.6 ± 30.4

227.4 ± 17.0

230.3 ± 31.7

   TAP Go/NoGo, reaction time

528.3 ± 82.0

496.9 ± 65.3^a

465.5 ± 39.5

C < M*

0.88

   TAP Go/NoGo, errors

0.6 ± 0.7

1.2 ± 1.4^a

0.5 ± 0.6

Working memory

   WMS-III LNS

8.8 ± 2.6^b

8.7 ± 1.7

11.8 ± 3.1

C > M**

C > BN**

1.02

1.21

   PASAT

34.9 ± 10.6^b

31.3 ± 10.8

47.8 ± 9.3

C > M**

C > BN***

1.27

1.60

Memory

   MPD, first trial

10.1 ± 3.0

10.6 ± 2.4

13.0 ± 1.4

C > M**

C > BN*

1.22

1.19

   MPD, sum of two last trials

14.6 ± 1.0

14.8 ± 0.4

14.9 ± 0.2

   MPD, delayed recall

13.9 ± 1.0

14.2 ± 1.0

14.8 ± 0.4

C > M**

C > BN*

   WMS-III logical memory, immediate recall

12.5 ± 2.9

14.3 ± 3.6

16.3 ± 3.4

C > M**

1.17

   WMS-III logical memory, delayed recall

11.1 ± 4.3

13.4 ± 3.3

14.5 ± 4.1