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Table 2 Medications given to participants within the last 24 h before testing in sample I

From: Cognitive functioning in opioid-dependent patients treated with buprenorphine, methadone, and other psychoactive medications: stability and correlates

 

Buprenorphine

(n = 14)

Methadone

(n = 12)

Healthy control

(n = 14)

Group or time point comparison p-values

Opioid agonist drug, dose

    

Buprenorphine (M ± SD;

(range) )

    

T1

16 ± 3 mg

(12 - 24 mg)

-

-

-

T2

20 ± 5 mg

(14 - 28 mg)

-

-

T2 > T1**

T3

Methadone (M ± SD;(range) )

21 ± 6 mg

(6 - 28 mg)

-

-

T3 > T1**

T1

-

71 ± 39 mg

(30 - 135 mg)

-

-

T2

-

127 ± 36 mg

(80 - 180 mg)

-

T2 > T1 ***

T3

-

135 ± 34 mg

(75 - 180 mg)

-

T3 > T1 ***

Participants treated with BZD medication

  

'

 

T1

79%

100%

0%

BN & M > HC ***

BZD dose at T1 (M ± SD)

20 ± 17 mg

21 ± 11 mg

-

ns a

T2

71%

100%

0%

BN & M > HC ***

BZD dose at T2 (M ± SD)

16 ± 11 mg

22 ± 11 mg

-

ns a

T3

64%

100%

0%

BN & M > HC ***

BZD dose at T3 (M ± SD)

13 ± 12 mg

22 ± 9. mg

-

BN < M *

Number of other medications with possible cognitive effects b

(M ± SD (range))

    

T1

1.9 ± 1.1

(0 - 4)

3.0 ± 1.3

(0 - 5)

0.2 ± 0.4

(0 - 1)

BN & M > HC ***; M > BN *

T2

1.9 ± 1.2

(0 - 3)

2.3 ± 0.8

(1 - 4)

0.2 ± 0.4

(0 -1)

BN & M > HC ***

T3

1.8 ± 1.3

(0 -4)

2.2 ± 1.0

(1 -4)

0.2 ± 0.4

(0 -1)

BN & M > HC ***

  1. a Tested only between patient groups.
  2. b These included antidepressants, neuroleptics (used with anxiolytic indications), non-benzodiazepine hypnotics, and substance abuse withdrawal symptom or (non-opioid) pain relievers. There were no significant differences between time points within the groups in medication variables.
  3. > = superior than, *** = statistically significant at level p < 0.001. ** = statistically significant at level p < 0.01. * = statistically significant at level p < 0.05.