Sodium pentosan polysulfate resulted in cartilage improvement in knee osteoarthritis - An open clinical trial-

Table 1 Primary outcomes

	weeks	0	4	8	11	24	52
flexion angle	Ave ± SD	132.2 ± 12.4	140.5 ± 8.03	142.9 ± 8.25	144.75 ± 7.41	144.35 ± 8.11	141.4 ± 7.74
	% variation	0	5.8	7.61	9	8.7	6.5
	*: p ‹ 0.05		*	*	*	*	*
VAS after 50 m walking	Ave ± SD	27.7 ± 21.7	23.4 ± 16.4	16.5 ± 17.7	9.7 ± 14.3	9.8 ± 12.1	8.7 ± 12.2
	% variation	0	-30.49	-53.5	-65.0	-66.67	-64.65
	*: p ‹ 0.05
VAS after 5 min rest	Ave ± SD	21.9 ± 21.3	18.8 ± 17.9	13.4 ± 16.1	8.8 ± 13.1	8.2 ± 13.7	8.1 ± 11.7
	% variation	0	-14.4	-38.6	-60	-62.6	-63
	*: p ‹ 0.05
VAS up & down stair walking	Ave ± SD	41 ± 23.3	27.3 ± 16.2	18.6 ± 17.9	15.6 ± 17.2	12.8 ± 15.2	16.7 ± 17
	% variation	0	-33.5	-54.6	-62	-68.7	-59.3
	*: p ‹ 0.05			*	*	*	*
VAS ROM exercise	Ave ± SD	42.1 ± 25.4	29.3 ± 16.8	19.6 ± 17.8	13.0 ± 14.2	14.1 ± 15.8	14.9 ± 13.4
	%variation	0	-30.49	-53.5	-69.3	-66.67	-64.65
	*: p ‹ 0.05			*	*	*	*
C2C	Ave ± SD	39.7 ± 9.3	32.3 ± 11.7	31.4 ± 10.7		30.8 ± 9.8	31.9 ± 10.9
	%variation	0	-18.64	-20.91		-22.41	-19.65
	*: p ‹ 0.05			*		*

The parameters were shown at entry point, 4^th, 8^th, 11^th, 24^th, and 52^nd weeks. They were provided as absolute levels, percentage of variation with time and statistical significance. There were statistically significant improvements from the baseline score in flexion angle at 4^th, 8^th, 11^th, 24^th, and 52^nd weeks; in VAS up and down stair walking and in VAS knee R.O.M. exercises at 8^th, 11^th, 24^th, and 52^nd weeks; and in C2C concentration in blood at 11^th and 24^th weeks. The parameters, not limited to significant value, showed improvement in the percentage of variation with time. The improvement might appear in the late phase of injection and continue to 52 weeks.
The asterisks indicate statistically significant improvement.