| Buprenorphine or Buprenorphine/ Naloxone (n= 18) | Methadone (n= 18) | Group or time point comparison p-values |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years at T1 (M ± SD) | 30 ± 8 | 32 ± 8 | ns |
Sex: females/males, % | 28/72% | 33/67% | ns |
Verbal IQ a (M ± SD) | 101 ± 8 | 100 ± 11 | ns |
Education, years (M ± SD) | 10 ± 2 | 11 ± 1 | ns |
Participants with early neurobehavioral problems % | 33% | 28% | ns |
Examined in inpatient settings % | Â | Â | Â |
   T2 | 6% | 6% | ns |
   T3 | 11% | 11% | ns |
Participants with high frequency use of any substance of abuse % b | Â | Â | Â |
   T2 | 44% | 39% | ns |
   T3 | 44% | 44% | ns |
Participants with recent month extra doses of any opioid % c | Â | Â | Â |
T2 | 36% | 36% | ns |
T3 | 36% | 43% | ns |
Nicotine, participants using daily, % | Â | Â | Â |
T2 | 100% | 100% | ns |
T3 | 100% | 100% | ns |
Days in opioid substitution treatment at test (M ± SD) |  |  |  |
T2 | 211 ± 19 | 196 ± 27 | ns |
T3 | 411 ± 43 | 405 ± 29 | ns |
Age of onset, any substance abuse (M ± SD) | 16 ± 4 | 15 ± 3 | ns |
Age of onset, opioid abuse (M ± SD) | 19 ± 5 | 19 ± 4 | ns |
Participants with lifetime alcohol abuse | 72% | 83% | ns |
Years of any substance abuse at T1 (M ± SD) | 15 ± 7 | 17 ± 7 | ns |
Years of alcohol abuse at T1 (M ± SD) | 3 ± 4 | 3 ± 3 | ns b |
Years of opioid abuse at T1, years (M ± SD) | 10 ± 7 | 12 ± 7 | ns |